Solar panel angle in Fort-de-France
In Fort-de-France, fixed panels collect the most energy over a year tilted 13° from horizontal and facing south. But anything between 5° and 25° is within 2% of the best, so the pitch you already have is probably fine.
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Percentage of the maximum possible annual yield, for each combination of orientation and pitch in Fort-de-France.
| Roof faces | 0° | 15° | 30° | 45° | 60° | 90° |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South | 98% | 100% | 97% | 88% | 75% | 43% |
| South-east / south-west | 98% | 99% | 95% | 87% | 75% | 49% |
| East / west | 98% | 96% | 89% | 81% | 71% | 49% |
| North-east / north-west | 98% | 92% | 82% | 70% | 57% | 36% |
| North | 98% | 90% | 78% | 62% | 47% | 25% |
Why "tilt equals your latitude" is wrong here
The rule of thumb says tilt your panels at your latitude — 15° for Fort-de-France. The real optimum is 13°, 2° lower than the rule suggests.
Two reasons, both geometric. Summer days are much longer than winter ones, so the year's energy is weighted toward a higher sun than the annual average. And a low winter sun sends its light through a long slant of atmosphere, arriving weak — tilting to catch it costs more in summer than it wins in winter.
In fairness to the rule: following it here would cost you only 0.0%. It is wrong, but it is not expensive.
Seasonal angles
If you can adjust your panels twice a year, these are the angles to use. Most people should not bother — the gain is small and the ladder is real.
| Setting | Tilt | Facing |
|---|---|---|
| Fixed, all year | 13° | south |
| Summer | 0° | south |
| Winter | 39° | south |
| Flat on the ground | 0° | — |
A flat installation here keeps 98% of the maximum; mounted vertically on a wall, 43%.
Assumptions
- These are angles and percentages, never kilowatt-hours. Optimal angles are driven by geometry and are robust. Absolute energy output depends on measured irradiance, cloud, soiling and hardware, none of which are modelled here.
- Clear sky, no shading. Trees, chimneys, neighbouring buildings and terrain are ignored, and they can dominate everything on this page.
- Fixed panels. Trackers follow the sun and change the answer entirely.
- Ordinary ground. Reflectance is taken as 0.2, typical for grass and soil. Snow reflects far more and favours steeper tilts.